catherine McfarlandMature Times writer Catherine McFarland drills down into the origins of some quirky military phrases.

As a maritime empire, nautical influences dominated the language of The British Empire. It was really only with the introduction of military service in the 20th century that cross-military slang truly exploded. With virtually every British and American man serving at some point during the World Wars, metaphors like to take a nose dive, it’s on my radar and prepare the landing strip came to occupy the English language.

Britannia ruled the waves
Old naval idioms still spoken include cut and run, swinging the lead and being three sheets to the wind. When we cut and run, we accept our losses and extricate ourselves smartly. This is what sailors called it when a ship found herself under sudden attack and the captain ordered the anchor line to be cut – so losing the anchor - and the ship set on a run - a point of sail with the wind directly astern and sails fully filled.
Swinging the lead is a pejorative term referring to a lazy worker. In the days before SONAR, a leadsman would measure the water depth by heaving great weights of sounding lead as far ahead of the ship as possible. A lazy (or exhausted) sailor may simply have swung the lead in the air and pulled it back on board without plunging it in the heavy waters. Unfathomable! Naughty sailor.
A drunken sailor was said to be three sheets to the wind. Sheets are ropes in sailing speak which, when fixed to the lower corners of the sails, hold them in place. If not secured, the helm loses control as the sails flap wildly and noisily andthe boat may lurch quite a bit as it turns head to wind… a bit like the effect of a skinful of rough rum on a sailor!
You say tomato…
America brought us blockbuster, deadline and bite the bullet. A blockbuster was the name the U.S. press gave the WW2 bomb used by the RAF that had enough explosive power to destroy an entire city block. It was soon applied figuratively to anything that made a big public impact, or ‘hit’, such as plays, films and novels.
A deadline (something I’m writing to at the minute!) originated in the American Civil War, when prisoners were shot on sight if they stepped over the demarcation line near the perimeter fence - this was the ‘deadline’. Literally. 
When we bite the bullet we endure a negative to achieve a positive. One theory is that this comes from pre-anaesthetic battlefield surgery, when agonised soldiers would brace themselves by biting on the soft lead of a bullet or cartridge. 
The Boys’ (and Girls) Own
A lot of military slang is rarely heard on civvie street, like Amen Wallah (chaplain), Dhobi Wallah (clothes washer), egg banjo (a dripping egg sandwich, which would wash out with dhobi dust - washing powder) or the Armoured Farmers (3rd Royal Tans). 
Here’s this month’s teaser for you: what’s a Julie Andrews? Thanks muchly for your letters/ emails. Yes, the meaning of hornswoggle is to cheat, deceive or bamboozle. 
Regarding my question of origin and the many inconclusive possibilities, the popular one relating to a facial gesture involves a wide-mouthed grimace, a stuck out tongue and the waggling of the hands by the ears; the kind of expression you might pull had you just tricked - or hornswoggled - someone. When you were five.
October’s winner wasn’t remotely hornswoggled; congratulations to Mrs M Martin from Warwick; your Mature Times pen set is in the post.
Please send your comments and suggestions to Catherine McFarland, Mature Times, Highwood House Publishing Limited, Highwood House, Winters Lane, Redhill, Bristol BS40 5SH or email This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .

 

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